The Formation Of White Dwarf Stars And Neutron Stars Viewed Through Systemic Functional Linguistics

Hawking (1988: 84):

If a star’s mass is less than the Chandrasekhar limit, it can eventually stop contracting and settle down to a possible final state as a “white dwarf” with a radius of a few thousand miles and a density of hundreds of tons per cubic inch. A white dwarf is supported by the exclusion principle repulsion between the electrons in its matter. …

Landau pointed out that there was another possible final state for a star, also with a limiting mass of about one or two times the mass of the sun but much smaller even than a white dwarf. These stars would be supported by the exclusion principle repulsion between neutrons and protons, rather than between electrons. They were therefore called neutron stars. They would have a radius of only ten miles or so and a density of hundreds of millions of tons per cubic inch.

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From the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory, according to General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, a white dwarf star is the balance of the gravitational contraction of space-intervals and the expanded volume of matter-energy due to the repulsion of electrons, as described by the Pauli exclusion principle; whereas a neutron star is the balance of the gravitational contraction of space-intervals and the expanded volume of matter-energy due to the repulsion of nucleons (neutrons and protons), as described by the Pauli exclusion principle.