Russell (1961: 770-1):
The principle of pragmatism, according to James, was first enunciated by C. S. Peirce, who maintained that, in order to attain clearness in our thoughts of an object, we need only consider what conceivable effects of a practical kind the object may involve. James, in elucidation, says that the function of philosophy is to find out what difference it makes to you or me if this or that world–formula is true. In this way, theories become instruments, not answers to enigmas.
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From the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistic theory, the construal of experience as meaning has evolved in accordance with the survival value it affords the species.
From the perspective of Edelman's Theory of Neuronal Group Selection, all categorising of experience is guided by value systems in the brain — so called because the genes necessary for their expression have been selected for their adaptive value in the evolution of the species.
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