… it is now widely accepted that there is a fundamental unit of time, the 'Planck time', beyond which intervals cannot be subdivided. This quantum property of spacetime implies that time 'began' in a sense, when the Universe was 10⁻⁴³ of a second 'old'. The singularity can never be probed. What had previously been treated as a singularity at the origin of time is smeared out by quantum effects.
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To be clear, the Planck time is the time a photon takes to travel the Planck length (1.62 × 10⁻³⁵ m). That is, from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory, the Planck time is the duration of the unfolding of the fastest process over the shortest space interval.
To be clear, the notion that time (i.e. processes) began when the Universe was 10⁻⁴³ of a second 'old' is self-contradictory since, logically, this is the end of the first time interval, not the beginning. However, the resolution of this contradiction is provided by Quantum Theory, as interpreted by Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory. From this perspective, the first Planck time interval is the duration of the first instantiation of potential as actual. In this view, it is the Universe as actual that begins at the end of the first Planck time interval.
Moreover, from the perspective of the General Theory of Relativity, interpreted in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory, the cosmological expansion entails the relative expansion of the Planck space interval and the relative contraction of the Planck time interval, whereas gravity, conversely, entails the relative contraction of the Planck space interval and the relative expansion of the Planck time interval.
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