Russell (1961: 135):
Plato's philosophy rests on the distinction between reality and appearance, which was first set forth by Parmenides;
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In Chomskyan Formal Linguistics, this distinction can be seen in the distinction between Competence and Performance.
Linguistic competence is the system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is distinguished from linguistic performance, which is the way a language system is used in communication. Noam Chomsky introduced this concept in his elaboration of generative grammar, where it has been widely adopted and competence is the only level of language that is studied.
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