Russell (1961: 183):
There is in the soul one element that is rational, and one that is irrational. The irrational part is two-fold: the vegetative, which is found in everything living, even in plants, and the appetitive, which exists in all animals. The life of the rational soul consists in contemplation, which is the complete happiness of man though not fully attainable.
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In Systemic Functional Linguistics, Aristotle's distinction between the appetitive irrational element of the soul and the rational element is the distinction between desiderative and cognitive mental processes, the two most central types of sensing. Significantly, these two types are the only mental processes that can project ideas into semiotic existence, as well as being the only types that can serve as metaphors of modality, where the distinction is between modulation (obligation/inclination) and modalisation (probability/usuality).
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